This cement was first used commercially in germany in the 1860s, and it was such a success that engineers in 1889 decided to build the paris underground metro using slaglime cement. The method for producing a slag cement according to claim 1, wherein the ratio in the combining step is between about 3% and about 5% by weight limestone to granulated blast furnace slag. Slag cement is produced by finely grinding granulated blast furnace slag, a glassy byproduct of iron production, and blending it with portland cement to create a product that has a number of advantages over mixes containing 100% portland cement. Slag cement helps reduce permeability, sulfate attack, and alkalisilica reaction creating a longer lasting and more resilient concrete.
It has been found that some kinds of slag blast furnace slag are very suitable as. A portland cement mixed with a designated amount of ground granulated blastfurnace slag. Utilization of reduction slag and waste sludge for portland. This type of cement has the advantages of lower energy cost, higher abrasion resistance, lower. This report addresses the use of slag cement as a separate cementitious material added along with portland cement in the production of concrete. Slag cement is required to conform to the requirements stated in the standard specifications for highway construction. These pcr are valid for, and provide requirements, for businesstobusiness btob epds. Slag cement proportioning in concrete mix design changes based on applications. C109c109m test method for compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars using 2in. Slags can be broadly categorized as ferrous ironsteel and nonferrous copper, leadzinc depending on the. The feasibility of recycling the reduction slag, limestone sludge, iron. Slag with cementitious properties is made by rapidly cooling the molten slag to produce granules with a high content of glass. A small amount of slag may be solved in the reagent edta solution.
The oxides in copper smelting slag include ferrous feo, ferric oxide fe2o3, silica sio2 from flux, alumina ai2o3, calcia cao and magnesia mgo. The compressive strength of ecoa pastes ecocement contain 78% of limestone sludge, 19. The properties of slag cement and its influence on the structure of. Materials free fulltext use of slag from the combustion. The main oxides in copper slag, which are iron oxide and. Slag cement, has been incorporated into concrete projects for over a century to improve durability and reduce life cycle costs. This declaration has been prepared in accordance with iso 14025 3, iso 21930 2, iso 14040 4, iso 14044 5 the governing slag cement category rules 1 and astm internationals epd program operator rules 7. The majority of the demand for these products comes from the field of cement. C 3 s content decreased and c 2 s and c 2 s content increased in the reduction slag. Slags can be broadly categorized as ferrous ironsteel and nonferrous copper, leadzinc depending on the industry from which. Blastfurnace slag is used in makingfour classes of cement puzzolan, or ordinary slag cement, usually simply called slag cement. Tiger portland blast furnace slag cement is special blended cement with low heat of hydration characteristics for mass concreting. Investigation of use of slag aggregates and slag cements in. At the end of the tap the video, text data and graph are saved by tap number for later analysis and can be automatically deleted after a user defined number of days.
Guide to the use of slag cement in concrete and mortar. The slag cement association sca announces that slag cement shipments in 2016 exhibited a 12 percent growth over 2015. I had practically used ppc cement in almost all projects. Concrete with slag cement will have a slower rate of strength gain than concrete made. Asce abstract the conventional slurry trench method of construction to form l ow permeability. The slag shall contain no additions and shall conform to the sulfide sulfur and sulfate chemical composition requirement. Pdf the properties of slag cement and its influence on the. Slag cement has actually been used in concrete projects in the united states for over a century. Slag is a broad term covering all non metallic co products resulting from the separation of a metal from its ore, its chemistry and morphology depends on the metal being produced and the solidification process used. Pdf the effect of a partial replacement of cement with slag cement on free.
A comparative study proceedings of academics world international conference cairo, egypt, 27th28th december 2016, isbn. Utilization of steel slag for portland cement clinker production. Although portland blastfurnace slag cement, which is made by intergrinding the granulated slag with. Modified portland cement portlandpozzolan cement, pozzolan. Slag cement and fly ash are supplementary cementitious materials often included in contemporary. The steel slag was mixed with other raw materials, such as limestone, clay, sand, and bauxite, in appropriate proportions in order to produce the raw meal to be tested for the production of portland cement clinker pc ss.
These granules are dried and ground to produce a cememtitious material. At jsw cement, we use superior quality slag produced at our steel manufacturing plant, conforming to is. Technical issues related to the use of fly ash and slag. A reference raw meal pc ref, without steel slag, was also synthesized for reasons of comparison. The effect of chemical composition of blastfurnace slag on. The content of mgo can be determined by the content of slag of the tested powder. For more information, contact mtds rigid pavements and concrete materials section at 512 5065858. Portland cement is a good catalyst for activation of slag because it contains the three main chemical components that activate slag. Modified portland cement portland pozzolan cement, pozzolanmodified portland cement, slagmodified portland cement page 3 of 3 the manufacturersupplier shall furnish with each shipment a certification containing the following. Slag cement materials for in situ mixed vertical b arriers jeffrey c. Using slag cement to replace a portion of portland cement in a concrete mixture is an efficient way to make concrete more consistent. Astmc989 standard specification for slag cement for use. A study on reduction of copper smelting slag by carbon for. The objective of this investigation is to examine the early and later compressive strength of activated ordinary portland cement opcground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbfs mortars and identify the most effective activation technique.
Groundgranulated blast furnace slag is highly cementitious and high in csh. Its earliest use was documented in 1774, when it was combined with slaked lime and used as a mortar. In europe, the use of wastes in the cement and construction industry follows the assumptions of sustainability and the idea of circular economy. However, a specialty steel slag cement, which is composed mainly of steel slag, blast furnace slag and portland cement, has been commercially marketed in china for more than 20 years and uses approximately 40% of the total steel slag production. The material has glassy structure and is ground to less than 45 microns. Astm, slag cement group publish c989suited product. Ask them if the weight of this cubic meter has changed. Portland slag cement psc jsw cement manufactures world. It is generally recognized that the rate of hardening of slag cement is somewhat slower than that of ordinary portland cement during the first 28 days but thereafter increases so that at 12 months the strengths become close to or even exceed those of. Ground granulated blast furnace slag conclusion jsw cement. Copper smelting slag is a solution of molten oxides created during the copper smelting and refining process, and about 1.
Approximately 40% of iron and steel slag products, and 60% of blast furnace slag, are used in cement. Evaluation of portland cement concrete pavement with high. From a qualitative point of view, it can be stated that the glass content of the. Blast furnance slag user guideline portland cement. Apr 26, 2020 using slag cement to replace a portion of portland cement in a concrete mixture is an efficient way to make concrete more consistent. It is better do a pure unreacted slag test using edta, to determine the fraction of slag dissolution.
Activation methods and curing regimes have crucial effects on the strength of mortars and concretes. The chemical analyses of the raw materials used are given in table 1. Portland slag cement, commonly known as psc, is blended cement. Blast furnace slag cement an overview sciencedirect topics.
Modification of molten steelmaking slag for cement application. Effect of steel slag and portland cement in the rate of hydration and strength of. Inputs and outputs from the steel plant and slag detection system include. Performance evaluation of ordinary portland cement with ggbfs. The major crystalline phases of ecocement clinkers, namely c 3 s, c 2 s. Slag cement association reports strong growth in slag cement. Among its measurable benefits in concrete are better workability and finish ability, higher compressive aggressive chemicals. Application of blast furnace slag sand in cement concretea case study m. Utilization of reduction slag and waste sludge for. C185 test method for air content of hydraulic cement mortar.
Grade 100 or better producer code plant and location supplied by 98366 aucem, anshan, china. Groundgranulated blastfurnace slag ggbs or ggbfs is obtained by quenching molten iron slag a byproduct of iron and steelmaking from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag cement is a supplementary cementitious. At present, it is observed that cement plants introduce wastes to the cement in the form of socalled mineral additives.
Application of blast furnace slag sand in cement concrete. The lci of slag cement concrete was created by combining the data from the portland cement concrete lci4 and the slag cement lci. Type iii and iiia cement are also used if the mixture requires high early strength aci 523. Chief engineer, national slag association presented at university of alabama slag cement seminar april 30, 1981 he term slag cement is a very general one that can include many types of. Slag substitution as a cementing material in concrete mdpi. Portland slag cement specification see other formats k t disclosure to promote the right to information whereas the parliament of india has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of. Astm international, west conshohocken, pa slag cement association sca, farmington hills, mich cp staff astm and scadeveloped product category rules pcr will support customers seeking to issue an environmental product declaration epd for slag cement concrete or mortar, especially on green building projects where specifications stipulate or incentivize disclosure of raw. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag is highly cementitious and high in csh calcium silicate hydrates which is a strength enhancing. Among the measurable improvements are higher workability, higher finishability, lower permeability, improved resistance to aggressive chemicals, more consistent plastic and hardened properties, flexural strengths. Slag portland cement, which may be a true portland cement.
National slag mf 1816 association history of slag cements donald w. Standard specification for slag cement for use in concrete. Compound composition of clinker cement four major compounds formed from the oxides under high temperature in the kiln name oxide notation shorthand tricalcium silicate 3 cao. Greater strength and durability for your most challenging projects. Slag cement association reports strong growth in slag. Chemistry, mineralogy and morphology of steel slag and stainless steel slag. Ggbfs was first used in lime mortar production as early as the 1700s. Application of electric arc furnace slag alenka rastovcan mioc1, tahir sofilic2, boro mioc3 1 university of zagreb, metallurgical faculty, aleja narodnih heroja 3, 44 103 sisak 2 cmc sisak d. Characteristics of portland blastfurnace slag cement. Greene, secretary aci 233r17 guide to the use of slag cement in concrete and mortar reported by aci committee 233 corinamaria aldea. Slag cement not on this prequalified list must be sampled in accordance with the departments guide schedule of sampling and testing.
It is used as a cementitious material in portland cement concrete. Application of blast furnace slag sand in cement concretea case study 457 4. Obviously, the volume of a slag pile represents more the amount of dry slag than the amount of wet slag, since you can add a lot of water without changing the volume. Concrete, aci manual of concrete practice, part 1, 2004.
Utilization of steel slag for portland cement clinker. Application of blast furnace slag sand in cement concretea. Technical issues related to the use of fly ash and slag during the latefall low temperature construction season introduction current indot specifications section 501. Fe2o3 c4af 58 aluminoferrite tricalcium aluminate 3 cao. Portland blastfurnace slag cement is a mixture of ordinary portland cement and not more than 65 wt. Pdf a ground blastfurnace granulated slag used in the production of construction materials.
The total cement contents are usually around 300 to 400 kgm3. The gbs and css blended concrete laboratory trials experiment carried out and case study of actual concrete supplied at. Suppliers are the entities that have responsibility for the final properties of the slag cement. Among the measurable improvements are higher workability, higher finishability, lower permeability, improved resistance to aggressive chemicals, more consistent plastic and hardened properties, and higher. Ground granulated blast furnace slag consist essentially silicates and alumino silicates of calcium. Slag is, essentially, a nonmetallic product comprising of more than 90% glass with silicates and aluminosilicates of lime.
Steelmaking slag ss could be an the contributing editor for this article was yiannis pontikes. Cement, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and blended cement specifications and testing aashto astm test t 106 c 109 test method for compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortar t 107 c 151 test method for autoclave expansion of portland cement t 7 c 185 test method for air content of hydraulic cement mortar. Astm, slag cement group publish c989suited product category. Pdf effect of slag cement on drying shrinkage of concrete. C125 terminology relating to concrete and concrete aggregates. Better performance of slag concrete exposing to high temperatures.
Therefore, the residue of slag should minus the residue formed from mgo. Iron cement or eisen cement, which is a mixture of slag and ordinary portland cement. Effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag in portland cement. The method for producing a slag cement according to claim 1, wherein the combining step occurs substantially simultaneously with the grinding step. Properties significant chemoresistance, and suppression of alkaliaggregate reaction type b and c. Iron and steel slag products are used in a variety of areas where their unique characteristics are put to effective use. Most concrete made with slag cement will have less.
Slag cements are accepted for use on arkansas department of transportation projects based on certification by the supplier. The latent hydraulic property of the blastfurnace slag gives excellent longterm strength. Conclusion the substitution of natural aggregate with slag sand has positive impact on workability, compressive strength and durability. Find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Abstract this paper highlights a case study of granulated blast furnace slag. Those of us in the concrete industry have long known that the use of slag. Slag cement is a recovered material from the iron production process, thus reducing the environmental impact of concrete mixtures. The chemical and mineralogical composition of portland cement, the conditions of its. Physical properties of the slag shall be in accordance with the requirements for fineness as determined by air permeability and air content, slag activity index, and compressive strength.
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